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SqLYU WaÐOvâÐO
R\S¨LvV BSvwS¾LRa IuOf]p]ŸOU WOaOUm¾]R£ WamLi|f fOa¡ÐO. ySzLhq¢ oLqLp AsWõLºr]S£pOU, j]R¨LtLp]pOSapOU hO¡v|poLeV Cf]jO NkiLj WLqeoLpfV. WOaOUmnLqU \Oos]Ssã] j}°OÐf]j]ap]sLeV ƒpSqLYU R\S¨Lv]Rj Bh|oLp] BNWo]¨OÐfV. Kâ ScLWVa¡ WPa]pLp R\S¨LvV AfO We¨]RsaO¾]sæ.
1887 BpSÕLSu¨OU R\S¨LvV ft¡ÐO. WavOU SqLYvOU IsæLU WPŸoLp] WaRо]. W]u¨¢ DNWp]j]Ss¨OU ^ÓjLaLp fY¢ SqL°]Ss¨OU R\S¨LvV Kâ Bw~Ly pLNf ja¾]. fY¢SrL°V R\S¨Lv]jV kW¡ÐO jä]p Bw~LyU R\rOfsæ. mLs|WLs yÜqeW¥ ojy]¤ CqÒ]Rp¾]. v}ºOU IuO¾]R£ BSvwU.
R\S¨Lv]R£ Bh| jLaWU Aq°R¾¾OÐfV 1887 sLeV. CvLSjLvV IÐLp]âÐO jLaW¾]R£ SkqV. SoLSØLp]Rs SWL¡xV f}Spãr]¤ jLaWU AqS°r]. CvLSjLvV JRr èÈ]¨RÕŸO. JRr v]o¡w°tOU JãOvL°].R\S¨Lv]R£  k]¤¨Ls jLaW°Rt v\ÿO SjL¨OSÒL¥ CvLSjLvV kW~fp]sæ¾ Kâ yQxVa]pLeV.
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CvLSjLv]jO SwxU vÐ h] vOcV RcSoL¦ kqL^poLp]. CT jLaW¾]R£ Cf]vQ¾U kq]xVWq]\ÿV R\S¨LvV AË]¥ vLj| IuOf]. AË]¤ vLj|pOU, h] Nf} y]SðuVyOU, h] R\r] KL¡\ÿLcOU BiOj]W jLaW¾]Rs oLð¡ k}yOWtLp] kq]Ye]¨RÕaOÐvpLeV.
1988 oOf¤ 1904 vRqpOç WLsZŸ¾]¤ jLaWqUY¾OU WgLqUY¾OU R\S¨LvV yQì]\ÿfV v]kævWqoLp kq]v¡¾joLeV. ojOx|R£ ^}v]fLvòWt]SsàOU RfãOWt]SsàOU R\S¨LvV fR£ WgWt]sPRapOU jLaW°t]sPRapOU v]q¤ \Pº].
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AÐR¾ rx|p]Rs ^}v]f yLz\q|°tLeV R\S¨Lv]jV SNkqWoLpfV. R\S¨Lv]R£ jLaW°RtsæLU fRÐ hOqÍ kq|vyLp]WtLeV. ASÇz¾]R£ WgWt]sOU hO@X¾]R£, j]u¤ÕLaOW¥ WLeLU. o]¨ jLaW°t]sOU WgWt]sOU SqLYU Kâ oOX| v]xpoLeV. foLw kr´V \]q]Õ]¨OSÒLuOU R\S¨Lv]R£ WgLkLNf°¥ KqO v]xLhU SkrOÐO.
h] m]p¡, h] RNkLSÕLy¤, I NaL^]WV SrL¥, h] Rv¸]UYV IÐ]v R\S¨Lv]R£ v]^pU Sja]p Bh|WLs jLaW°t]¤ \]sfLeV. Dça¨¾]¤ o]ff~U kOs¡¾]p R\S¨LvV fR£ q\jWRt DÐf YOe j]svLq¾]Ss¨V Dp¡¾OWpOU R\pÅO.
1890 WtORa Bh|U R\S¨Lv]R£ BSvwU KRŸLÐO feO¾O. ySzLhq¢ j]S¨LtLp]pORa oqeU Cf]RjLâ WLqeoLeV. h] vOcV RcSoL¦ IÐ jLaWU oPÐV Nkh¡wj¾]jO SwxU j]¡¾].
WaO¾ v]o¡wj°tLeV oLi|o°t]¤ j]ÐV R\S¨Lv]jO Sjq]Saº]vÐfV. ff~h}ƒp]sæL¾ IuO¾V IÐV kNf°¥ R\S¨Lv]R£ q\jRp v]Swx]Õ]\ÿO. CT RWLaOU v]o¡wj°¥¨]ap]sLeV R\S¨LvV W]u¨¢ RRym}q]pp]Ss¨V pLNf ja¾]pfV. \]s Nkv¡¾j°¥¨OSvº]pLp]âÐO CfV. oa°]vÐ SwxoLeV h] c|Ov¤ IuOf]pfV. k]Ð}aV ASÇzU Cãs]pOU NlL¢yOU yΡw]\ÿO.
(R\S¨LvOU KL¥YpOU fÚ]sOç AkP¡vÿ NkepmÌR¾¨Or]\ÿV AaO¾ nLY¾]¤)
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