|
|
WLs×LaOW¥ |
|
SzL¡Rz AoLShL
1912¤
mLz]pp]¤ ^jjU. A±¢ W¡xWjLp]qOÐO. Bh|SjLv¤ WWLvO. 19&LU vpy]¤ Nky]Ç}Wq]\ÿO.
jLy]
Nkv¡¾WjLp] RkLfO^}v]fU BqUn]\ÿO. k]Ð}aV Wo|Pe]yoLp] fŸWU.
KaOv]¤ RrLmL¥RŸL oq]R´L IÐ Ras]v]x¢ oLi|ooOfsLt]pORa f]q¨gLWQ¾Lp].
WQf]W¥ 30&SsRr SsLWnLxWt]Ss¨V v]v¡¾jU R\pÅ]ŸOºV.
kqSoLÐf NlµV kOqØLqoLp s}^]p¢ KLlV KLe¡ sn]\ÿO.
AoRhL
IÐ SkL¡\ÿOY}yV kh¾]R£ A¡ÀU "Nk]pËq¢' IÐLeV. vLpj¨LqORa Nk]pËqjLp
AoLShL 1936¤ r]SpL c] ^j}SrLp]¤ v\ÿV v]kæv¾]R£ Skq]¤ ArðV R\áRÕŸO.
1935¤ SyLv]pãV Wo|Pe]ðV kL¡Ÿ]pORa W¤Õj AjOyq]\ÿV Nmy}s]¤ ja¾]p kqL^pRÕŸ
KqO AŸ]or] èo¾]¤ kËV S\¡Ðf]jLp]qOÐO ArðV.
1940¤
jLy] AjOWPskNfoLp
o]SpL h]pLpORa yLyVWLq]W kNfLi]kqLp].
Nmy}s]R£ jLsLofV nqeZaj j]¡vÿz]\ÿf]¤ kËV vz]\ÿ AoLShL 1946¤ Af]¤
KÕOv\ÿO. qºO v¡x¾]jOSwxU Nmy}s]p¢ Wo|Pe]ðV kL¡Ÿ]¨V Ai]WLqU jìoLpSÕL¥
AoLShLv]jOU NkSf|W khv] jìRÕŸO. B v¡xU kLq}y]Ss¨O SkLp], yL¡NfV, k]¨LSyL
IÐ]vRq kq]\pRÕaOÐfV kLq}yV yΡwj WLs¾LeV. 1950¤ oO¢ R\S¨LSyæLv|p]sO¥RÕŸ
ScLNm]y]Rs IuO¾OWLqORa SWLŸ IÐ yUZajp]¤ AUYoLp]. 1951 ¤ K oOSºL C I
kLyV (SsLWvOU yoiLjvOU) IÐ WQf] q\]\ÿO.
SoSØLp]Rs ðLs]¢ AÍ¡Shw}p yoLiLj yÚLj¾]jV A¡zoLp CT WQf] Rsj]¢,
ðLs]¢, A¤Smj]p¢ JWLi]kf] I¢m¡SzLWVyV IÐ]v¡¨Oç NkwUyLY}foLp]qOÐO.
Wo|Pe]ðV
IÐ j]sp]¤ AoLShL NkWa]Õ]\ÿ i}qf RR\j, rx|, RWLr]p IÐ]v]a°t]¤ ASÇz¾]jV
j]qvi] BqLiWRq yQì]\ÿO. 1954¤ y~LfNÍ|¾]R£ ASiLSsLWU IÐ WQf] Nky]È}Wq]\ÿO.
1958¤ mLz]p¢ jLSaLa] WgWRtpOU WsWRtpOU BiLqoL¨] WQf]W¥ q\]¨L¢
fOa°]. Nmy}s]p¢ y]j]oWtORapOU ^jNk]p KLÕRrWtORapOU Nk]pv] nvoLp]¾}¡ÐO.
1950WStLRa
AoLShv]R£ q\jL ^}v]f¾]¤ KqO h]wLv|f]pLjU yUnv]¨OÐO. 1917Rs SyLv]pãV
v]kæv¾]¤ j]ÐV WqO¾OU NkS\LhjvOU D¥R¨Lº AoLShL k]Ð}aV v]kæv vu]p]¤
j]ÐV RfÐ]oLr] SyLkV KLÕSrWtORapOU ^jNk]pyUyVWQf]WtORapOU oOX|iLqp]Ss¨V R\ÐO\La].
a].v] SYæLScL RjãVv¡¨]jV Svº] ASÇzU keU vLq]¨PŸ].
1961¤
AShzU Nmy}s]p¢ A¨Lho] KLlV RsSãuVyV IÐ yLz]f| yUZajp]Ss¨V RfqR´aO¨RÕŸO.
1988 ¤ YNm}s, NWLSv C Wj}s, 1961¤ KLyVRv¤ SzLyV oW}j]SrLyV IÐ} WQf]W¥
AoLShL q\]\ÿO.
1963¤
ASÇzU YNm}s IÐ WQf]pORa kW¡ÕvWLwU RoNaL
SYL¥cV v]¢ Sop¡ (IU.^].IU) IÐ y]j]oL¨Òj]¨O v]ãO. 1986¤ KqO WQf] CUYæ}x]¤
kq]nLxRÕaO¾L¢ ASoq]¨¢ òLkjU qºq sƒU ScLt¡ jä].
ðLs]Rj¨Or]\ÿV
AoLShL
ijLd|qOU
Aa]o¾U j]sj]¡¾OÐvqOU ^j°Rt Aa]\ÿo¡¾OÐvqOU ojOx|Li~LjR¾ \PxeU R\áOÐvqOU
ðLs]Rj RvrO¨OÐO. IÐL¤ B SkqOSkLsOU AvRq v]rÕ]¨OÐO; Ay~òqL¨OÐO;
qLNf]p]¤ SNkf°tLp] SvŸpLaOÐO; j]NhLv]z}jqL¨OÐO; AvqORa W]jLvOWRt
Ska]y~kÔ°tL¨OÐO. B Skq]¤ Av¡ j]ÎpOU JãvOU vs]p AkW}¡¾]pOU j}\oLp
jOeWtOU \L¡¾]. "\OvÐ yL¡' & B vs]p ojOx|Rj v]Swx]Õ]\ÿORWLºOç
KqO h]jÕNf¾]Rs w}¡xWU `L¢ vLp]\ÿO. NWUs]j]¤ SyLv]pãV ^jfàOU joOS¨LSqLqO¾¡¨OU
oLjvqLw]¨O oOuOvjOU ^j°tORa ySÍLx¾]jOU Svº] ASÇzU ASzLqLNfU Wb]jLi~LjU
R\áOÐORvÐr]pOÐfORWLºV .AfOWºV `L¢ kOµ]q]\ÿO. ðLs]¢ p^oLjjLeV,
k]fLvLeV, vu]WLŸ]pLeV, BiOj]W SsLW¾]Rs JãvOU ozLjLp wLNñ³jLeV, qL^|fNͳjLeV,
kŸLt SoiLv]pLeV, ojOx|WOs¾]¤ k]rÐ JãvOU Wu]vOãvjLeV. IÐ]ŸOU ASÇzR¾
Ai]Sƒk]¨OÐvqOU AvSzt]¨OÐvqOU ASÇz¾]Rjf]Rq ksæOR`q]¨OÐvqOoOºV. IÐL¤
SWLaLjOSWLa] ^j°tORa SyÔzU ðLs]Rj IsæLã]jOU oOWt]¤ Dp¡¾]p]q]¨OÐO.
ASÇz¾]R£ ykÅf] Wu]´]ŸV JRrpLp]Ÿ]sæ. RR\jp]sOU Rsmje]sOU rOoLj]pp]sOU
CW~ScLr]sOU j]¨qLY~p]sOU hƒ]eLNl]¨p]sOU ASÇzU Bhq]¨RÕaOÐO. c]yUmr]Rs
CT h]j¾]¤ sSƒLksƒU ^j°tORa W¹OW¥ Nkf}ƒLj]¡nqoLp] kP¡vnLYS¾¨O
f]q]pOÐO. Nmy}s]p¢ RfLu]sLt]W¥ ASÇz¾]R£ ozhVjLoSipU Dp¡Ð k¡vf°t]¤
BSsXjU R\pÅ]q]¨OÐO.
q\jRp¨Or]\ÿV
AoLShL
KRquO¾OWLqjOU
kTqjOU IÐ j]sp]sOç IR£ yOh}¡ZpLNfp]¤
Ij]¨V vñOfWRtpOU WLq|WLqe°RtpOU WRºS¾ºfOºLp]qOÐO. WLqeU yoPzR¾ yoPsU
oLãL¢ Nkf]³LmÈoLp KqO qLxVNa}pkL¡Ÿ]pORa y^}v Nkv¡¾WjLp]qOÐO `L¢. B
kL¡Ÿ] A¨Ls¾V j]pov]qOÈNkv¡¾j¾]sPRa AŸ]or]Nkv¡¾j°¥¨V SjfQf~U jä]vq]WpLp]qOÐO. WORr
v¡x°¥ Wu]´SÕL¥ Wo|Pe]ðV kL¡Ÿ]pORa
f}NvvLh¾]¤j]ÐV `L¢ AWÐO. oL¡Wõ]ðV & Rsj]j]ðV f¾~wLNñU Wo|Pe]ðV
kL¡Ÿ]pORa Nkv¡¾j°¥ qPkRÕaO¾]p]qOÐ WLsZŸoLp]qOÐO AÐV. kL¡Ÿ]
jLSwLÓOXoLvOWpOU SyLx|s]ðV SsLWU hpj}poLp AvòRp Sjq]aOWpOU R\pÅORWLº]q]¨OÐ
v¡¾oLjWLsZŸ¾]¤SÕLsOU IR£ kupWLs Nkf]mÈfp]¤j]ÐV `L¢ kP¡eSoL\jU
Sja]p]Ÿ]sæ. kL¡Ÿ]SpLaV WPr]sæLpVo pLRfLqO Nkf|LZLfvOU yQì]¨p]RsæÐV
CRÐj]¨OrÕORºË]sOU IR£ SvqOW¥ ArOR¾r]pL¢ BvOÐ]sæ. A¨LsR¾ AjOnv°¥
KL¡¨LrORºË]sOU AvRp¨Or]R\ÿLÐOU fRÐ `L¢ SqXRÕaO¾Lr]sæ. Av ISÐLRaLÕU
o¹a]´O SkLWOU.
