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AjÍkÄjLn¢ kç]RWLçOÐ
kOe|nPo]. f]qOAjÍkOq¾]R£ kOqLe&\q]Nf NkTc]W¥¨V Nky©]pOU RkqOopOSoRr. SveLa]R£ fsòLjRoÐf]¤ j]ÐO f]qOv]fLUWPr]R£ fsòLj¾]Ss¨OU Av]Raj]ÐO y~fNÍ SWqt¾]R£ nqey]qLSWNξ]Ss¨OU vt¡ÐV AjÍkOq]pORa yLUyVWLq]W SWNΰt]Ss¨V...f]qOvjÍkOqU o|Py]pU 1855 sLeV BqUn]\ÿfV. W¤¨¾p]Rs C¢c|¢ o|Py]pvOU WrL\ÿ]p]Rs v]WVSaLr]p o|Py]pvOU oh]qLw]p]Rs YvR½£V o|Py]pvOU oLNfSo AÐV CÍ|p]sOºLp]qOÐOçP.
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DÃv°¥ BSZLx°¥
f]qOvjÍkOqU jYq¾]¤ R\rOfOU vsOfOoLp WOSrpi]WU DÃv°¥ ja¨OÐOºV. Avp]¤ ksf]sOU vtRqpi]WU ^jkËLt]¾oOçfLeV. kÄjLnSƒNf¾]Rs BrLŸV, BãOWL¤ RkLËLs, RWLµ]rv]t RkLËLs, m}oLkç] DrPyV, RvŸOWLaV RkqOjL¥, RRkËOj] DÃvU IÐ]v Avp]¤ \]sfOoLNfU. KLeS¾LajOmÌ]\ÿO SWqty¡¨L¡ f]qOvjÍkOq¾V aPr]yUvLqLSZLxvOU ja¾LrOºV.
WsL yLUyV¨Lq]W yUZajW¥
f]qOvjÍkOqU jYq¾]¤ R\rOfOU vsOfOoLp KSŸRr WsLyUZajW¥ Nkv¡¾]¨OÐO. AfOSkLRsfRÐ SWqt¾]Rs yLUyV¨Lq]W AÍq}ƒ¾]jV De¡vOU DSÓxvOU j¤WOÐ v]v]i yLUyV¨Lq]W yUZajWtORa Nkv¡¾jvOU jYq¾]¤ w©oLeV. kOSqLYoj WsL yLz]f| yUZU, SWqt wLNñ yLz]f| kq]x¾V, SWqt Shw}p Svh], SWqt pO©]vLh] yUZU, oLfQnPo] ðc]y¡¨]¥, WToOh] r}ScuVyV SlLrU, Shw}p wLNñSvh], RRðkVyV, NYÏwLsL yUZU IÐ]v Avp]¤ \]sfOoLNfU. ojOx|R£ JãvOU vs]p AjONYzoLp \]q] oLNfU sƒ|oL¨] oLyU SfLrOU jaÐOvqOÐ j¡ÚRRWqt]pOU v]v]i v]xp°t]¤ YTqvkP¡¹oLp \¡\ÿW¥ ja¾OÐ \¡\ÿLSvh]pORa Nkv¡¾j°tOU IaO¾O krSpºfLeV.
l]s]U RyLRRyã]W¥
CÐV ^j°Rt JRr y~Li}j]¨OÐ KqO oLi|oU IÐj]sp]¤ y]j]oàV vtRq NkLiLj|U DºV. f]qOvjÍkOqU jYq¾]Rs ^j°Rt jsæ y]j]o WLe]¨OÐf]jOU y]j]oWRt¨Or]\ÿV \¡\ÿR\áOÐf]jOU Svº] f]qOvjÍkOqU jYq¾]¤ KÒSfLtU l]s]U RyLRRyã]W¥ Nkv¡¾]¨OÐO. \LqO\]Nf, ykq|, yPq|, y×L¡¨V, m}U, \s\ÿ]Nf, yUZ\]Nf, ØL¡RlpVyV, BW›V IÐ]°Rj Nkv¡¾]¨OÐ l]s]U RyLRRyã]W¥ jYq¾]Rs ^j°¥¨V oOf¤¨PŸV fRÐpLeV.
mzO^j oLi|oU IÐ j]sp]¤ yLUØLq]W qUY¾V BWLwvLe]àV vtR
q NkiLjRÕŸ kËLeV DçfV. 1943 oL¡\ÿV 12&LU f}pf] NkSƒkeoLqUn]\ÿ
BWLwvLe] 1947, 1950Wt]Rs kOj@yUZajSpLaOWPa] NkSƒkeyopU 5 oe]¨P¡ Bp] Dp¡¾]. k]Ð}aV AfV 8 oe]¨P¡ Bp]. v]SjLh¾]jOU v]³Lj¾]jOU Svº]pOç
j]qvi] kq]kLa]W¥ h]jUNkf] BWLwvLe] j]sp°¥ NkSƒkeU R\áOÐO.nLxL C¢ð]ã|PŸV
1964&¤ nLqf y¡¨L¡ j]po]\ÿ SWL¾Lq] WÚ]x¢, qL^|¾Oç IsæL yUòLj¾]SspOU v]h|Ln|Ly¾]jV AÈ|pj oLi|oU NkLShw]W nLxpLp]q]¨eRoÐV wOkL¡wR\pÅO. CT wOkL¡wpORa Aa]òLj¾]¤ 1968 JNk]¤ oLy¾]¤ c¤z]p]¤ S\¡Ð yUòLj v]h|Ln|Ly oNÍ]oLqORa ySÚtjU y¡vÿWsLwLsL fs¾]¤ Ai|pj oLi|oU NkLShw]W nLxpLp]q]¨eRoÐV f}qOoLj]\ÿO.
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yLUyV¨Lq]W Nky]È}Wqe vWOÕV
yLUyV¨Lq]W oPs|oOç NYÏ°¥, o¦or´ ozLÓLqORa ^}v\q]Nf NYÏ°¥, v|LX|Lj yz]foOç WæLô]¨¤ WQf]W¥, oãO ozLNYÏ°¥ IÐ]v Nky]È}Wq]¨LjOU kOjNky]È}Wq]¨LjOU Svº] 1983 ^P¦ oLy¾]¤ yLUyV¨Lq]W Nky]È}Wqe vWOÕV Nkv¡¾joLqUn]\ÿO. CfOvRq 47 NYÏ°¥ vWOÕV Nky]È}Wq]\ÿ]ŸOºV. yUyV¨Lq SWqtU IÐ RRNfoLy]W Nky]È}Wq]\ÿO vqOÐO. Nky]È}Wqe°tORa v]s×j¨Lp] W]uS¨SWLŸp]¤ v]s×jwLs Nkv¡¾]¨OÐO. kOf]pfLp] SWqt mO¨V oL¡¨ã]UYV RyLRRyã]
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j]sWt]¤ NkwñjLp]qOÐ pw@êq}qjLp INmzLU S^LylLp]qOÐO Bh| cprWVa¡.
C¢ð]ã|PŸ]R£ Bh| kOñWoLp jÒPq|\ÿjOU oNÍvOU 1981 jvUm¡ 14&jV NkWLwjU
R\pÅO. C¢ð]ã|PŸ]R£ vWpLp] YLjRRWqt] WLyãV kqÒq, WsLRRWqt] WLyãV kqÒq IÐ]v kOr¾]r¨]p]ŸOºV. C¢ð]ã|PŸ]R£
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yUòLj y¡vÿv]³LjSWLwU C¢ð]ã|PŸV
1957&Rs Nkgo SWqt oNÍ]ynpORa NkWaj kNf]Wp]Rs vLYVhLjoLp]qOÐO yUòLj¾V y¡vÿ v]³LjSWLwU Nky]È}Wq]¨OW IÐfV. AfV NkWLqoOç f}qOoLj°¥ DºL¨OWpOU
R\pÅO. 1961&¤ y¡¨L¡ y¡vÿv]³LjSWLwU vWOÕV qPk}Wq]\ÿO. 1976&¤ y¡vÿv]³LjSWLwU vWOÕ]Rj y~pUnqe òLkjoL¨]oLã] y¡vÿv]³LjSWLwU C¢ð]ã|PŸV
BqUn]\ÿO. RvçLpe] A¡²Oj¢ Bp]qOÐO Nkgo cprWVa¡. CfOvRq y¡vÿv]³LjSWLwU 10
vLs|°¥ Nky]È}Wq]\ÿ]ŸOºV. v]w~yLz]f| v]³LjSWLwU KqO vLs|vOU Nky]È}Wq]\ÿ]ŸOºV. NYLo}e Ws&jLSaLa]&RR^v&nTf]W&yLoPz]W fOa°]p SoXsWt]Rs v]³LjSWLw°¥ Nky]È}Wq]¨LjOU kq]kLa]pOºV.
IyV.IU.IyV.IU. C¢ð]ã|PŸV
f]qOv]fLUWP¡ ozLqL^LvLp]qOÐ è}oPsU f]qOjLt]R£ xì|mÉkP¡¾] 1917&¤ RWLºLa]pf]R£ yÜLqWoLp]
IyV.IU.IyV.IU. C¢ð]ã|PŸV IÐ Skq]¤ 1919&¤ WqWTws o|Py]pU f]qOvjÍkOq¾V òLk]foLp]. KSq¨r]¤ Wv]´V nPo] Cf]jOSvº] y¡¨L¡
AjOvh]\ÿORWLaO¾O. 1929&sLeV Cf]R£ NkiLjRWŸ]aU ke] f}¡ÐfV. 
\s\ÿ]Nf v]Wyj SWL¡kSrx¢
yUòLj \s\ÿ]Nf v]Wyj SWL¡kSrxR£ BòLjU AjÍkOq]p]Rs WsLnvj]sLeV. y]j]oL j]¡oLe¾]jO ijyzLpvOU ymVy]c]pOU j¤WOÐ y~pUnqe òLkjoLp SWL¡kSrx¢ qPkv¤¨q]\ÿ]ŸV 26 v¡xoLvOÐO.
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