oSjLpLjU

oLjy]WyLò|¾]jV oLjy 

oLjy]WSqLY]WtORa BèpvOU AnpvOoLeV oLjy. \]W]ÃWqORapOU SqLY]WtORapOU mÌO¨tORapOU yoPz¾]Rs SyvjffVkqqLp BtOWtORapOU WPŸLpÜpLeV oLjy.oLjy]W SqLYU wLyVNf³¡¨V NkSzt]WpOU \]W]ÃW¡¨V RvsæOv]t]pOU SqLY]W¥¨V hOq]fvOU  mÌO¨¥¨V oLjy]WLZLfvOU j¤WOÐO. Af]RjRpsæLU WPŸS¾LRa Af]^}v]¨LjOç WPŸLp Nkv¡¾joLeV oLjy. 

SqLY]WtORa kOjqi]vLyU. AfV mOÈ]kqoLpOU RfLu]¤kqvOU yLoPz]W&yLÒ¾]WkqvOoLeV & AfLeV oLjypORa Nkgosƒ|U. KÕU SqLY]RppOU mÌOv]RjpOU SmLivfV¨q]¨LjOç èovOU. 

 KTxi \]W]ÃSpLRaLÕU v]v]i ZŸ°t]sLp] kOjqi]vLy (rehabilitation) ¾]jOç yTWq|°¥ oLjy]W SqLY]W¥¨V Af|Lvw|oLeV. y~ÍU v}aOWt]¤ fLoy]\ÿORWLºV fRÐ JRfË]sOU RfLu]s]¤ J¡RÕŸV yoPz¾]R£ oOX|iLqp]¤ fRÐ Wu]pOÐ "yLoPz]W kOjqi]vLy kÈf]' pLeV (community based rehabilitation) JãvOU AjOSpL^|U. BwOkNf]p]Rs \]W]ÃàOSwxU "kW¤v}aV' (Day Care Centre)

 "Ca¾LvtU'  (Half way Home) IÐ]v j]é]f WLsS¾¨V RfLu]¤kqvOU yLoPz]WvOoLp kq]w}sj¾]jV SqLY]Rp yzLp]¨OU. IÐL¤ y~ÍU v}aOWt]¤ fLoy]\ÿORWLºV C¾qU kq]w}sj°t]¤ kRËaO¨OWpOU oãV v|©]WRt SkLRs fRÐ yoPz¾]R£ nLYoLp] ^}v]¨OWpOU R\áOW IÐOçfLp]q]¨eU KLSqL oLjy]W SqLY]pORapOU WLq|¾]¤ joO¨Oç sƒ|U. CfV yLi]¨eRoË]¤ WOaOUm°tORapOU oLjy]W SqLY \]W]ÃLqUY¾V Nkv¡¾]¨OÐ ScLW›¡oL¡, SjuõOoL¡, RRyS¨Lt^]ðOW¥, SyLx|¤ v¡¨¡oL¡ fOa°]p v]hYVÈqORapOU WPŸLp Nkv¡¾jU Bvw|oLeV. y¡¨L¡ òLkj°tOU yzLp°tOU RWLºOoLNfU C¾qRoLqO yUv]iLjU qPkRÕaO¾]RpaO¨LjOU oOSÐLŸV RWLºV SkLWLjOU yLi|osæ. CT yUv]iLj¾]Rs kËLt]WtLp SqLY]WtORa WOaOUm°tOU \]W]ÃWqOU CT qUY¾V Nkv¡¾]¨L¢ fLsVkq|oOç ojOx| SyÔz]WtLp v|©]WtOU SpL^]\ÿOç yÐÈ Nkv¡¾j°¥ (Voluntary work) RWLºV oLNfSo AfV yLi]¨OWpOçP. oLjypORa kq]èoU CT vu]¨LeV. 

f]qOvjÍkOqU Roc]¨¤ SWLt^]Rs RRyW|LNa] m]Szv]pr¤ wLyVNf v]nLYvOU f]qOvjÍkOqU oLjy]WLSqLY| SWNÎvOU Aa]ygLjoLp] Nkv¡¾]¨OÐ yÐÈyUZajpLeV  "oLjy'. oLjy]W SqLY \]W]Ãp]¤ v]hYVÈ kq]w}sjU SjaOÐ ScLW›¡oL¡, RRyS¨Lt^]ðOW¥, yLoPz|Nkv¡¾W¡  fOa°]p m]qOhLjÍq v]h|L¡À]Wt]¤ oLjy]W SqLY \]W]ÃpORa yoNYfRp¨Or]\ÿOU yLoPz]W Nkf]mÈfRp¨Or]\ÿOU AvSmLiU yQì]¨LjOU kqy×qU yzWq]\ÿOU yzLp]\ÿOU oLjy]W SqLY]WRt \]W]Ã]\ÿV yoPziLqp]¤ Ce¨LjOç NkLSpLY]W kq]³LjU kWqLjOU "oLjy' yzLp]¨OU. 

f]q]vjÍkOqU oLjy]WLSqLY| SWNξ]¤ SqLY]WtORa WPŸ]q]ÕOWL¡¨V Svº] oLjy SmLivfV¨qe WæLôOW¥ BuV\p]RsLq]¨¤ ja¾]vqOÐOºV. CT BwOkNf]SpLaV AjOmÌ]\ÿOç "kW¤ v}Ÿ]'¤ v\ÿV  SqLY]W¥¨V Svº] SpLY°tOU ja¾]vqOÐO.  SpLY°t]¤ DqO¾]q]´ y~pU yzLp yUZU IÐ Bwp¾]¤ j]ÐLeV  "oLjy'pORa fOa¨U. 

1999 oL¡\ÿV 9&LU f}pf] RRvWOSÐqU 5 oe]àO f]qOvjÍkOqU Roc]¨¤ SWLt^]¤ RRyW|LNa] v]nLY¾]¤ v\ÿV jaÐ oLjy'pORa Bh|SpLY¾]¤  mÌO¨tOU, \]W]ÃWqOU Aa°OÐ KqO nqeyo]f]Rp RfqR´aO¾O. 

AaO¾Oç SpLY°t]¤ "oLjy'àV KqO j]poLvs] fáLrL¨OWpOU \Lq]ãm]¥ RyLRRyã}yV BW›V NkWLqU q^]ð¡ R\áOWpOU R\pÅO. kf]jµV B^}vLjÍ AUY°¥ D¥RÕRa 70 KLtU AUY°tOºV. Nkv¡¾j°t]¤ oOX|U. 

1) Nkf]oLy SpLY°¥: 

IsæL oLyvOU Bh|R¾ wj]pLuV\ 4 oe]àV "oLjy'pORa SpLYU WPaOÐO . yUZajpORa Nkv¡¾jU AvSsLWU R\áOÐf]jOkOrRo SqLYvOU \]W]ÃpOU kOjqi]vLyvOU yUmÌ]\ÿ v]xp°t]¤ \¡\ÿL WæLyOWtOU ja¨OÐO. ScL. RW.I. WOoL¡, ScL. ^prLU, è}of] yOYfWOoLq], fOa°]p v]hYVÈ¡ \¡\ÿW¥¨V SjfQf~U j¤W]p]ŸOºV. 

2) SmLivfV¨qe WæLyOW¥: 

SqLY]WtORa mÌO¨¥¨V Svº] SkqP¡¨a  oLjy]W BSqLY|SWNξ]¤ IsæL Rvç]pLuV\Wt]sOU, Roc]¨¤ SWLSt^]¤ IsæL v|LuLuV\Wt]sOU,SmLivfV¨qe WæLôOW¥ ja¾] vqOÐO. AyOX°¥, WLqe°¥, \]W]ÃpORa v]v]i vw°¥ fOa°]pv  CT WæLôOWt]¤ \¡\ÿ R\áRÕaOÐO. kRËaO¨OÐvqORa yUwp°tOU BwËWtOU oO¢j]¡¾]pLeV v]xpU f]qR´aO¨OW. 

3) NYPÕV RfrLÕ] 

AyOXU SnhoLpv¡¨V Svº] SkqP¡¨a oLjy]WLSqLY| SWNξ]¤ IsæLRvç]pLuV\Wt]sOU , Social Skills Training Group ja¾]vqOÐO. C¾qU NYPÕOW¥ SqLYU SnhoLpvRq yoPz¾]SsàV RWLºOvqL¢ yzLp]¨OÐO. 

4) yT^j| oqOÐV v]fqeU: 

SðãV mLËV KLlV CÍ|L "oLjy"àV j¤W]p kf]jLp]qU qPkpORa yUnLvjSpLRapLeV    CT yT^j| NcYV  mLËV BqUn]\ÿfV. 

CT v¡xU ^P¦ 26 jV Roc]¨¤ SWLt^V RRyW|LNa] v]nLY¾]¤ Rv\ÿO jaÐ \a°]¤ SBI pORa Ay]. ^jr¤ oLSj^¡ è}.v].RW. h]vLWq¢ oqOÐOU AfO yPƒ]¨L¢ KqO AsoLqpOU "oLjy'pORa Nky]c£V è}. I¢.RW. AᡨV RRWoLr]. Roc]¨¤ SWLt^V  Nk]¢y]Õ¤ ScL. v].^]. R\sæU è}. NknLWqjV oqOÐV j¤W]RWLºV NcYV mLËV DhVZLajU R\pÅO. CfOWPaLRf ScLW›¡oL¡ j¤WOÐ yLÒ]¥ oqOÐOWtOU CT NcYV mLË]Rs¾OÐO. IsæL wj]pLuV\Wt]sOU qLv]Rs 9 oe]oOf¤  1 oe]vRq ojêLNñ v]nLYU K. k]p]¤ Nkv¡¾]¨OÐ NcYV mLË]¤ j]ÐV CfOvRq 85 KLtU j]¡ÈjqLp SqLY]W¥¨V oqOÐV j¤W]p]ŸOºV. 

5. kOjqi]vLy Nkv¡¾j°¥ 

AyOXU SnhoLp 5 SkRq "oLjy'pORa kOjqi]vLy Dkyo]f]pORa SjfQf~¾]¤ ks òs°t]¤ S^Ls]Wt]¤ J¡RÕaO¾L¢ yLi]\ÿO. 

6. AvWLw yUqƒeU 

Person with Disability Act NkWLqU oãV v]WsLUY¡¨V W]ŸOÐ AvWLw°¥ (Rk¢x¢, pLNfLjOWPs|°¥ fOa°]pv) oLjy]W SqLY]W¥¨OU WPa] mLiWoL¨L¢  Ai]WLq]Wt]¤ yÚ¡ÇU R\s¾OW, BwOkNf]Wt]Rs \]W]ÃL yTWq|°¥ Ro\ÿRÕaO¾OW, Bvw|ZŸ°t]¤ j]poyzLpU I¾]àOW fOa°]p Nkv¡¾j°tOU R\r]pSfLf]¤ ja¾L¢ Wu]´O.

 7. oOXkNfU: 

oLjy]WSqLY \]W]ÃpOoLp] mÌRÕŸ WLq|°¥ Nkf]kLh]¨OÐfOU, \]W]ÃWqORa Bwp°¥ kËORvàOÐfOoLp KqO RRNfoLy]W Nky]È}Wq]¨OÐO.

Cf]RjLR¨kOrRo, y~pU yzLp yUZU IÐ BwpU \]W]ÃWqORapOU, SqLY]WtORapOU, mÌO¨tORapOU Cap]¤ RWLºO vqLjOU, Cv¡ fÚ]sOç Bwpv]j]opU Ro\ÿRÕaO¾LjOU Wu]´O. 

nLv] kq]kLa]W¥ 

"oLjy'pORa ks SpLY°t]sOU \¡\ÿR\áRÕaOWpOU, jaÕ]sL¨eU IÐV BNYz]¨OWpOU R\áOÐ \]s kÈf]W¥. 

1. K.k]. WT¦ys]UYV 

kq]w}sjU W]Ÿ]p mÌO¨¥ RRyW|LNa] K.k].p]¤ oãO SqLY]WRtpOU mÌO¨RtpOU yzLp]¨OÐf]jOç yLz\q|U DºL¨OW.

 2. \]W]ÃL cpr]: 

SqLYv]vq°tOU, oqOÐ]R£ v]vq°tOU IuOfL¢ kãOÐ, WPaOf¤ WLsU RRWá]¤ yPƒ]\ÿO vàL¢ yLi]¨OÐ KqO \]W]ÃL cpr] A\ÿa]\ÿO v]fqeU R\áOW. 

3. Nky]È}Wqe°¥: 

SqLY]W¥¨OU, WOaOUmLUY°¥¨OU Svº], oLjy]W SqLYvOoLp] mÌRÕŸ v]xp°¥ Nkf]kLh]¨OÐ R\r]p kOñW°¥ Nky]È}Wq]¨OW.

4. RRyW|LNa] SzLU  Sjuõ]UYV 

oLjy]W SqLYoOçvRq kq]\q]àOvL¢ Svº] oLNfoLp] SzLU Sjuõ]UYV kq]w}sjU fOa°OW. SqLY]WtORa mÌO¨¥¨V oO¢Yej j¤WOW. 

5. NkLShw]W NYPÕOW¥ 

oLjy]WSqLY\]W]Ã ja¨OÐ oãO òs°t]sOU CSfSkLsOç R\r]p R\r]p NYPÕOW¥ qPk}Wq]¨OW. NYPÕOW¥ kqy×qU yzWq]\ÿV Nkv¡¾]¨OW. Cf]SsàLp] ksqOU yÐÈf NkWa]Õ]\ÿ]ŸOºV. 

6. Rz¤ÕV RRs¢: 

oLjy]W SqLY\]W]ÃpOoLp] mÌRÕŸ yUwp°¥¨OU, yzLp°¥¨OU Svº] 24 oe]¨PrOU Nkv¡¾]¨OÐ KqO SlL¦ y¡vÿ}yV.  

7. kW¤v}aOW¥ 

kµLp¾OoLp] yzWq]\ÿV KLSqL NYLo¾]sOU SqLY]WtORa kOjqi]vLy¾]jV yzLp]¨OÐ kW¤v}aOW¥ òLk]¨L¢ SjfQf~U RWLaO¨OW.

 8. SzLU RWp¡ 

BwOkNf]p]¤ vqLf]q]¨OÐ ARsæË]¤ RWLºOvqL¢ yLi]¨L¾ SqLY]WRtpOU kf]vLp] v}aOWt]¤ SkLp] WLeOÐf]jOç yUv]iLj°¥ R\áOW. 

9.  Crisis Intervention Af|Lvw|  ZŸ°t]¤ (DhLzqe¾]jV ANWoLy©jLp KqO SqLY]. BÄzf|L Nkvef WLe]¨OÐ SqLY]). SqLY]Rp BwOkNf]p]Rs¾]¨OÐf]jOU AkWa°tOºLWLRf AvRqpOU WOaOUmLUY°RtpOU yzLp]¨OÐf]jOU Svº yUv]iLj°¥ DºL¨OW. y~Lèp yUZ°¥ CÐ]R£ Aj]vLq|fpLeV. Cf]Rjf]Rq kOrU f]q]´O j]¤¨L¢ joO¨Lv]sæ. WPŸLpÜp]sLeV jÚORa Nkf|Lw.

  j]°¥¨V "oLjy' Rp I°]Rj yzLp]¨LU? 

1. "oLjy'p]¤ AUYoLvOW. Nkf]oLy SpLY°t]sOU oãO Nkv¡¾j°t]sOU yzLp]¨OW. 

2. yT^j| NcYV mLË]SsàV oqOÐOW¥ vL°]¾q]W. 

3. AyOXU SnhoLp SqLY]WRt kOjqi]vy]Õ]¨OvL¢ yzLp]¨OW. j]°tOSaSpL j]°¥ Ar]pOÐ òs°t]SsL Dç \]s S^Ls]Wt]¤ C¾qU SqLYU SnhoLpvRq D¥RÕaO¾OvL¢ Wu]pOSoL IÐV  èo]¨OW. 

4. oãO SqLY]WtORa v}aOW¥ yΡw]¨OvLjOU, \]W]ÃàV vqL¾vRq Af]jO RWLºOvqOvLjOU èo]¨OW.

 5. j|PyV Rsãr]SsàV j]°tORa AjOnv°tOU j]¡SÇw°tOU IuOf] ApàOW. 

6. j]°tORa  AaO¾Oç CSfNkwÔ°tOç B¥¨LRq KqOo]\ÿV S\¡¾V R\r]p KqO NYPÕV DºL¨OW. WOr´fV oLy¾]RsLq]¨RsË]sOU KqOo]\ÿ]qOÐO yUyLq]¨OW. 

j]°¥¨V "oLjy'p]¤ AUYoLWOÐfORWLºV IÍO NkSpL^jU? 

1. yoPz¾]¤ JãvOU WPaOf¤ AvYejpOU hOq]fvOU AjOnv]¨OÐ ojOx|¡¨V Svº] R\áOÐ yfVW¡Ú°t]¤ kËLt]pLWL¢ yLi]àOU.

 2. KSq NkwÔ°¥ Sjq]aOÐ oãV WOaOUmLUY°tOoLp] yzWq]¨OvLjOU NkwÔ°¥ \¡\ÿR\áOvLjOU kqy×qU yzWq]¨OvLjOU yLi]¨OU. 

3. kLvRÕŸ SqLY]W¥¨V \]sp]jU oqOÐOW¥ sn|f AjOyq]\ÿV yT^j|oLp] sn]¨OU. 

4. oLjy]WLSqLY| v]xp°Rt Ai]Wq]\ÿV ospLt¾]¤ Nky]È}Wq]¨OÐ kOñW°tOU j|PyVRsãrOU sn]¨OU. 

j]°¥ \]WÃpOoLp] mÌRÕŸ KqLtLReË]¤  j]°¥ R\áOÐ S^Ls] òs¾V C°RjpOç NYPÕOW¥ fOa°LjOU "oLjy' pOoLp] yzWq]\ÿV Nkv¡¾]¨LjOU yLi]¨OU.